When you hear about retirement, many people think of it in terms of turning 65 years old, applying for Medicare and Social Security, and traveling with their spouses using the money they worked hard to save throughout their whole careers. But what does retirement look like for couples with an age difference? This article will discuss some considerations around planning when there’s an age gap between you and your partner.
Planning Your Social Security
Social Security was originally created as insurance against living too long, it is not intended to fully replace working income in retirement years. However, it can make up a significant chunk of overall retirement income.
Social Security eligibility requires at least 40 quarters (10 years) of earned income and Social Security taxes being paid on that income. Your earliest eligible age is 62, full retirement is age 67, and late retirement is age 70. In the time between ages 62 and 70, benefits increase by 8% per year. If people plan on living past 80 and can handle delaying Social Security, waiting can vastly improve income expectations in retirement.
Getting On The Same Page: Staggered Retirement Considerations
I’m in a relationship with an 8-year age disparity myself and I come across many couples with significant age differences. When it comes to retirement, it’s important to get on the same page early. Retirement is a team sport, so treat it as such.
When I go through cash flow planning with couples, I often find the younger of the two people might have sufficient income to support both spouses when the older of the two retires. This allows retirement assets to continue to grow and for deferment of Social Security until the maximum amount available at age 70.
However, I’ve also found that in practice, the older partner may end up not wanting to rely on the younger one for financial support. I’ve even seen it go so far as the retired partner skipping a vacation because that person felt unable to afford it, even though all the household expenses plus a surplus were being met by the working partner.
It’s important to ask each other the following questions:
- If we retire at different times, are you — the younger person in the couple — comfortable financially supporting your older partner in their initial retirement years?
- Are you — the older person in the couple — comfortable having your younger partner financially support you or will it lead to a less full life for you?
- Have we considered our individual income needs and cash flow sources throughout all of retirement?
- Do we have sufficient assets to support our financial needs regardless of the income difference in our early retirement years?
Planning For Retirement At The Same Time
If my partner decided to retire at 67, I would be 59. I won’t be eligible for my own Social Security at that time, and I won’t qualify for Medicare until I’m 65. So, my healthcare expenses could be extreme without an employer supplementing my insurance costs.
Here are my options if I want to fully retire at the same time as my partner:
- If married, I could draw on his Social Security benefit (if he opts to take it) while continuing to accumulate my own.
- If I contributed to a Health Savings Account during my working years, I could leverage that money to pay for healthcare costs tax-free.
- If I saved money in a Roth account, I could pull principal from that source tax-free prior to age 59 1/2.
- If I have non-retirement investments, I could start to unwind those to pay for my increased expenses over the next six years.
- If I have cash value accumulated in life insurance, I can access that before age 59 1/2.
Here is something I shouldn’t do at age 59:
- Take money out of pre-tax investments. This will incur state and federal income taxes plus a 10% IRS penalty.
Health Savings Accounts
HSAs are available to people enrolled in high-deductible health insurance plans. You can set aside pre-tax dollars to be used tax-free for medical expenses. HSAs also allow you to invest once you hit certain minimums, allowing you to grow your tax-free dollars. Since healthcare costs can increase significantly in retirement, this can be an essential tool for managing those costs without age restrictions.
Roth Savings
With Roth tax treatment, money goes in after taxes, accumulates tax-deferred, and is distributed tax-free after the age of 59 ½. Since the principal investment (what you put in) was after-tax, taking out the principal can be tax-free prior to age 59 ½. Roth savings can be achieved through a Roth IRA, a Roth 401(k), or a backdoor Roth. Direct contributions to a Roth IRA have income restrictions whereas the last two do not. Consult a financial and tax professional to discuss how to optimize your asset location planning.
Non-Retirement Assets
Non-retirement assets include everything that is subject to capital gains tax, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, businesses, or real estate holdings. Since they don’t come with the tax advantages of retirement accounts, they also don’t come with age restrictions around distributions. So, they can be pulled prior to age 59 ½ without penalties.
Life Insurance
The primary function of life insurance is to provide a death benefit. But if you have a permanent policy, the cash value of the insurance can be accessed tax-free for any purpose at any age. There just needs to still be enough left in the policy to pay for internal costs. Consult your insurance agent to help do this correctly.
Remember that loans and withdrawals reduce the permanent life insurance policy’s cash value and death benefit, while increasing the chance of a policy lapse. If the policy lapses, matures, is surrendered, or becomes a modified endowment, the loan balance at such time would generally be viewed as distributed and taxable under the general rules for distributions of policy cash values.
Conclusion
Retirement planning for couples with an age difference can complicate what already might be a complex milestone to prepare for. Planning for Social Security, communicating expectations, maximizing your asset location strategy, and enlisting the support of professionals can smooth out this process.
This informational and educational article does not offer or constitute, and should not be relied upon, as tax or financial advice. Your unique needs, goals and circumstances require the individualized attention of your own tax and financial professionals whose advice and services will prevail over any information provided in this article. Equitable Advisors, LLC and its associates and affiliates do not provide tax or legal advice or services. Equitable Advisors, LLC (Equitable Financial Advisors in MI and TN) and its affiliates do not endorse, approve or make any representations as to the accuracy, completeness or appropriateness of any part of any content linked to from this article.
Cicely Jones (CA Insurance Lic. #: 0K81625) offers securities through Equitable Advisors, LLC (NY, NY 212-314-4600), member FINRA, SIPC (Equitable Financial Advisors in MI & TN) and offers annuity and insurance products through Equitable Network, LLC, which conducts business in California as Equitable Network Insurance Agency of California, LLC). Financial Professionals may transact business and/or respond to inquiries only in state(s) in which they are properly qualified. Any compensation that Ms. Jones may receive for the publication of this article is earned separate from, and entirely outside of her capacities with, Equitable Advisors, LLC and Equitable Network, LLC (Equitable Network Insurance Agency of California, LLC). AGE-5860324.1 5727620.1(08/23)(exp.08/25)
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